| International journal of Computer Science & Communication Volume-1, Number-1 |
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1. Optimum Compensation and Stability of
Potentiostat
P.M. Nawghare
Deptt. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering & Tech.,
nawgharepm@mopipi.ub.bw
J. VIDHYA[1],
P. DANANJAYAN[2]
[1]Electronics and Communication Engineering,
pdananjayan@hotmail.com[2]
Abstract
Wireless sensor network consist of
sensor nodes linked by wireless medium to perform distributed sensing task.
Energy is one of the most important factors in the design of routing protocols
in wireless sensor network. The routing algorithm used features clustering
method to diminish the amount of data transmission from energy efficiency
perspective. However, clustering method results in high energy consumption at
cluster head node. A dynamic clustering method, Low energy adaptive clustering
hierarchy (LEACH) results in high setup energy for electing the cluster heads.
To minimize the energy consumption problem in setup process, Round- Robin
cluster head (RRCH) method is used that sequentially selects the cluster head
node by fixing the cluster using single setup process. This method does not
adjust its behaviour when a node dies and would not
be practical for any sort of dynamic network. Instead this paper suggests a
hybrid routing method to minimize the energy consumption using dynamic scheme
and reduces the setup energy consumption by selecting set of cluster heads
called head-set for each cluster. On rotation basis, one member of a head-set
is active and transmits the aggregated result to the distant base station. For
the proposed hybrid clustering protocol the optimum number of clusters required
for the network is determined. Simulation results of the hybrid method shows that
the energy expended in the network can be reduced as the number of frames per
round is increased compared to LEACH and RRCH protocol.
3. A Novel Image
Processing Based Approach for Determining Size of Breast Tumors
SYED
ABDAHEER.M. [1], EKRAM KHAN [2]
[1] Department of Electronics Engineering, A.M.U., Aligarh,
U.P., INDIA
[2] Department of Electronics Engineering, A.M.U., Aligarh,
U.P., INDIA
sss.viji @gmail.com[1], ekhan@lycos.com[2].
Abstract
In this work, we consider an image of tumor
identified breast and we present a novel approach for analysis of the size of
breast tumors by using Closed Circle Curvature Fitting method (CCCF). The tumor
area of the image is first segmented for extracting tumors with the help of
optimal threshold techniques. The segmented images undergo for morphological
treatment to remove unwanted high frequency components present in the image.
The edges are extracted from filtered images through Laplacian edge detection method. The polar coordinates are derived from the centroid value of edge extracted images. Radius and area of
the circle are then calculated. Our next task is to fit this extracted images
with circle for getting numerical details about tumors. The accuracy of the
proposed method and details about tumor like area and size are obtained with
the help of area matching method. By comparing with elliptical curvature
fitting method, our proposed method has superiority in terms of zero single
precision error, computing cost and consistency.
4. Features
Preserved Medical Image De-Noising Using Steered Complex Shrinkage Algorithm
M.VENU GOPALA RAO[1],
S.VATHSAL[2]
[1]
Email: mvgr03@gmail.com
[2] Director, Dept. of Energy,
Email: svathsal@gmail.com
Abstract
In this paper we propose a new wavelet domain, structure driven denoising technique called Steered Complex Shrinkage which
preserves the edges, corners and orientation features and application to
medical images. For this purpose we used an efficient steerable complex pyramidal wavelet transform that uses pairs of complex steerable orientation bandpass filters. These complex filters have been engineered into a multirate system, providing a synthesis and analysis sub band filtering system with good
reconstruction properties. The performance of the proposed denoising algorithm is comparable with that of recently reported state-of-the-art denoising techniques using undecimated discrete wavelet transform with soft- shrinkage, and presents a very promising
avenue for exploring structure based denoising in the
wavelet domain.
5. Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Modulation of Data Spread OFDM
with Power Control
RAKESH SHARMA[1],
SURESH RANI[2], SACHIN DAHIYA[3]
[1] Software Engineer, Wipro Technologies,
[2] Lecturer, Kalpana Chawla Govt. Polytechnic For
[3] Asstt. Professor,
rakesh.sharma2@wipro.com[1],sureshrani252@rediffmail.com[2],Sachinnit@gmail.com[3]
Abstract
In OFDM it is possible to control its sub-carrier modulation scheme,
transmission power and so on because each sub-carrier in the OFDM signal is
orthogonally arranged and can be controlled independently. Therefore, many
adaptive sub-carrier modulation schemes are proposed. However, when each
sub-carrier is modulated by different modulation schemes, it is necessary to
transmit allocation information of modulation schemes from the transmitter to
receiver. This leads to degradation of transmission performance. In this paper,
an adaptive modulation scheme for OFDM that makes possible less allocation
information of modulation scheme from the transmitter to the receiver by using
data spreading is discussed. Moreover, sub-carrier power control is combined in
order to improve transmission performance further.
6.
Analysis of Effect of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop on Thermo hydraulic
Performance of Solar Air Heater
THAKUR SANJAY KUMAR [1], N.S.
THAKUR [2], VARUN [3] , ANOOP KUMAR [4]
[1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, BRCM College Of Engineering &
Technology, Bahal, Bhiwani,
INDIA.
[2,3,4] Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT.
thakurkmr@yahoo.co.in [1]
Abstract
Solar collectors are being used for
thermal conversion to raise the temperature of fluid flowing through collector.
The principal design factors affecting collector performance are those related
to heat loss control and those involving the absorption of solar radiations.
Conversion of solar radiations to thermal energy is mainly due to heat transfer
coefficient between absorber plate and the fluid flowing in the collector.
Convective heat transfer co-efficient between absorber plate and air in a flat
plate solar air heater can be enhanced by providing the absorber plate with
artificial roughness. The report presents a comparison of effective efficiency
and the over all heat/flow performance (HFT) of solar air heaters with
different types of artificially roughened surfaces.
7. DFT based implementation of spatial-to-frequency domain
transformation of image using VHDL
CHANDAN KUMAR JHA [1], TRUPTI
RANJAN LENKA [2]
[1][2] ECE, National Institute of Science and Technology,
chandan_nl@yahoo.co[1], trlenka@hotmail.com[2]
Abstract
In many applications of digital image
processing, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) plays an important role including
linear filtering, correlation analysis and spectrum analysis. The paper
proposes a method of implementation of frequency domain analysis of an image
(in spatial domain) using (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) VHDL. The
frequency domain samples of the image are obtained by applying DFT on the pixel
values extracted from the image. The DFT method is being implemented in VHDL.
The paper also proposes technique for implementation of exponential factors
through VHDL. The future scope of results and techniques involves
implementation of image enhancement techniques on (Field Programmable Gate
Arrays) FPGA in order to improve the interpretability or perception of
information for human viewers, or to provide ‘better’ input for other automated
image processing techniques.
8.
Application of a Finite Element Method to find the Efficiency of Linear
Induction Motor with Constant Voltage Feeding
Manpreet S Manna [1], Sanjay Marwaha [2] & H M Rai [3]
[1],[2] Department of Electrical & Instrumentation Engg.,
SLIET, Longowal,
[3] Department of ECE,
manpreetsinghmanna@yahoo.com[1],sanjay_marwaha@rediffmail.com[2], hmrai1943@gmail.com[3]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a finite element
model for a Linear Induction Motor, which allows us to estimate its efficiency,
considering the winding space harmonics. This work is followed the strategy of
research among rotary machines with Time Harmonic Finite Element (THFE)
analysis of IMs with nonlinear materials. The base of
all the studies was the three phase asymmetrical
Induction Motor. This is justified by the inbuilt asymmetry characteristics of
LIM that comes from building aspects. The electromagnetic analysis of LIM
through Finite Element Analysis has been done to estimate the Efficiency of the
Linear Induction Motor.
9. Fuzzy Logic for
Design of Air Quality Analyzer
MANJEET [1], VIJAY PAL SINGH [2]
[1] Chemistry Department, BRCM CET, Bahal,
M.D University, Rohtak,
[2] ECE Department, BRCM CET, Bahal,
M.D University, Rohtak,
manjeetvijay@rediffmail.com[1] , vijaybrcm@rediffmail.com
[2]
Abstract
The moment we step out of the house and are on the
road we can actually see the air getting polluted; a cloud of smoke from the
exhaust of a bus, car, or a scooter; smoke billowing from a factory chimney,
fly ash generated by thermal power plants, and speeding cars causing dust to
rise from the roads. Natural phenomena such as the eruption of a volcano and
even someone smoking a cigarette can also cause air pollution. When people
think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFC's, and
other forms of outdoor air pollution. But the air pollution also can exist
inside homes and other buildings. Every year, the health of many people is
affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. Pollution
is an important issue being monitored and regulated in major industrial cities
world over. Thus, air quality is one of the major environmental issues which
depends upon introduction of the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter,
or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or damages the environment. Air pollution causes deaths and
respiratory disease. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gaseous
system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone
depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human
health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.
There is a great need to control the air pollution. For controlling the air
pollution firstly we have to analyse the quality of
air. To analyse the quality of air there are many
parameters to be considered. In this paper, we have considered four parameters
namely Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Oxides of
10.
FKBC based Intelligent Liquid Level Regulator
ASHWANI KUMAR DUBEY[1] AND DR.
R. P. SINGH[2]
[1] Department of ECE,
Mitrol, Palwal,
[2] Principal,Applied
Mitrol, Palwal,
dubey1ak@yahoo.co.in [1], ravindra10765@gmail.com [2]
Abstract
Fuzzy Logic is a paradigm for an alternative design
methodology, which can be applied in developing both linear and non-linear
systems for embedded control. By using fuzzy logic, designers can realize lower
development costs, superior features, and better end product performance.
Furthermore, products can be brought to market faster and more cost
effectively. In this paper, the comparison of two design methodologies for a controller
is illustrated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. One of them is conventional PID design
methodology and another is Fuzzy Knowledge Based designing of controller.
SIMULINK provides the user tools to build the process model according to the
required specifications.
11. Design of CMOS
Comparators for FLASH ADC
Dr.M.MADHAVILATHA [1] ,G.L.MADHUMATI[2], K.RAMA KOTESWARA RAO[3]
[1] ECE Deptt., Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA
[2] ECM Deptt., PVPSIT,Kanuru, Vijayawada,JNTU, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA
[3] ECE Deptt., DVRDHS & MIC, Kanchikacherla,
JNTU, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA
mlmakkena@yahoo.com[1], madhumati70@rediffmail.com[2], koneru_rama1@yahoo.com[3]
Abstract
The analog to digital converters is the key components in
modern electronic systems. As the digital signal processing industry grows the
ADC design becomes more and more challenging for researchers. In these days an ADC
becomes a part of the system on chip instead of standalone circuit for data
converters. This increases the requirements on ADC design concerning for
example speed, power, area, resolution, noise etc. New techniques and methods
are going to develop day by day to achieve high performance ADCs. Of all types
of ADCs the flash ADC is not only famous for its data conversion rate but also
it becomes the part of other types of ADC for example pipeline and multi bit
Sigma Delta ADCs. The main problem with a flash ADC is its power consumption,
which increases in number of bits. The performance limiting blocks in such ADCs
are typically comparators. This paper presents the comparison of power
consumption of different comparators used in flash ADCs with CMOS technology.
The layout comparisons are also done.
12. Local Adaptive Bivariate Shrinkage Function for Medical Image De-Noising
M.VENU GOPALA RAO[1],
S.VATHSAL[2]
[1]
Email: mvgr03@gmail.com
[2] Director, Dept. of Energy,
Email: svathsal@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents an effective and low-complexity image denoising algorithm using the joint statistics of the
wavelet coefficients of medical images. For this purpose a new heavy-tailed bivariate Laplacian probability
density function (pdf) is proposed to model the
statistics of wavelet coefficients, and a simple nonlinear threshold function
(shrinkage function) is derived from the pdf using
Bayesian estimation theory, in particular MAP estimator. This new rule
maintains the simplicity, efficiency and intuition of soft thresholding approach and does not assume the independence of wavelet coefficients. The
proposed algorithm implemented in both classical DWT and dual tree CWT and
compared with the existing methods. The results show that our algorithm out
performs in all aspects.
13. Analytical BER Computation
for MC CDMA System with Iterative HIC Receiver
L. NITHYANANDAN [1], P. DANANJAYAN [2]
[1] Department of E.C.E.,
[2] Department of E.C.E.,
nithipec@yahoo.co.in[1], pdananjayan@hotmail.com[2]
Abstract
The existing mobile communication system
suffer from problems like frequency selective fading and multi-path signals,
multiple access interference due to imperfect non-orthogonal codes and narrow
band interference due to coexisting systems. Multi-carrier Code Division
Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) technique can combat these problems efficiently owing
to its inherent properties. The objective of this paper is to suggest an
optimum receiver for the MC-CDMA system by computing the BER of different
receivers. Since multi-user interference degrades the performance of the
receiver, interference cancellation technique is to be incorporated in the
receiver. As Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) is faster, less efficient
and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) scheme is slow but efficient a
Hybrid Interference Cancellation (HIC) scheme is arrived at combining the
advantages of these two schemes. The hybrid scheme is simple, faster and
reliable. The performance of the receiver is studied by comparing with the BER
of a detector without interference cancellation. Improvements in performance of
parallel interference cancellation can be achieved by using multiple stages of
the cancellation unit. Similarly performance of HIC receiver can also be
improved if the PIC part of HIC is made iterative. Computation results imply
iterative HIC outperforms iterative PIC compared in terms of computational
complexity and error performance and hence will be an optimal choice for MC
CDMA reception.
14. An Approach for Synchronization in Carrier Signal with Noise Distortion
Using Complex Binary Phase Locked
Krishna Chandra Roy [1], Manoj Kumar [2], Ashok Kumar [3]
[1] Department of ECE,MACET, Neora, Patna, Magadh Univ. Bihar, INDIA
[2] Department of EEE,BRCM CET, Bahal (Bhiwani), MDU,
Haryana, INDIA
[3] Department of ECE,Asansol Engg.
College, Asansol, West Bengal, INDIA
roy.krishna@rediffmail.com [1], mmk5272@gmail.com [2]
Abstract
In this paper Phase estimation and
carrier synchronization have been envisaged using complex binary phase locked
loop. The same is also studied for a noise corrupted signal. This was found out
that complex binary number is well suited for demodulation. The approach has
been for complex signal which has carrier signal and information signal whose
synchronization is required with noise in the receiver end.
Download PDF
15.
A Robust Decoupling Strategy for
P. Aravindhababu [1] R. Neela [2]
[1] Professor of Electrical Engineering,
[2] Reader in Electrical Engineering,
aravindhababu_18@rediffmail.com[1], nishitha_25@rediffmail.com[2]
Abstract
This paper presents a new decoupling strategy by
strengthening and relationships based on line flow and voltage magnitude
measurements. The real and reactive set of measurements are combined and
modified in order to decouple them into two set of equations without making any
assumption on ratios. The resulting jacobian matrices
that contain only line parameters are sparse and constant. This strategy is
applied on three test systems and solved by WLS techniques to illustrate its
performance.
16. A Novel Capacitor
Placement Algorithm for Voltage Stability Enhancement in Distribution Systems
G. Mohan [1] P. Aravindhababu [2]
[1] Reader in Electrical Engineering,
[2] Professor of Electrical Engineering,
Tamil
mohang_08@rediffmail.com[1], aravindhababu_18@rediffmail.com[2]
Abstract
Modern distribution systems are operated
closer to the voltage stability boundaries due to the ever increasing load
demand and are prone to voltage collapse even for a small change in load
pattern. Capacitors are commonly used in distribution systems to minimise line losses and improve the voltage profile. A new
algorithm for optimal locations and sizing of static and/or switched shunt
capacitors, with a view to enhance voltage stability is presented in this
paper. Test results on 33 and 69-node distribution systems demonstrate the
effectiveness of the algorithm.
17. CAMDADF Technique
for Prevention & Detection of Spoofed Attack
SWETA VERMA
Deptt. of CSE , Hindustan Institute of Technology, Greater
sweta_verma@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper discusses a mechanisms for
defending against IP spoofed packet attacks, as it become one of the major
threats to the operation of the Internet today. The scheme is difficult to detect and prevent the most harmful DDoS Attacks.
The proposed scheme uses IP address spoofing to distinguish the flow of attack
.The scheme is based on a firewall that can
distinguish the attack packets (containing spoofed source addresses) from the
packets sent by legitimate users, and thus filters out most of the attack packets before they reach the victim. Unlike the other
packet marking based solutions, our scheme has a very low deployment cost; It
can be estimated that an implementation of this scheme would require the
cooperation of only about 20% of the Internet routers in the marking process.
The scheme allows the firewall system to configure itself based on the normal traffic of a Web server, so that the occurrence of an attack can be quickly and
precisely detected.
18. Digital Image
Watermarking: Challenges and Approach For A Robust Algorithm
DEEPTI PRIT KAUR [1], JASPREET KAUR [2], KAMAL DEEP [3]
[1,2,3] ECE, P.T.U. Jalandhar,
deepti.hunjan@gmail.com[1], er_jaspreet_kaur@yahoo.co.in[2],
Kamal_deep2k3@yahoo.com [3]
Abstract
This paper presents the challenges for a robust
digital image watermarking algorithm. Need for copyright protection in digital
media has led to enormous growth in the field of Digital Image Watermarking
whereby researchers are striving to come up with new ways of content
protection. Recent developments in the field of watermarking though have
provided new ways of protecting data yet there are many factors which need to
be addressed such that the algorithm of embedding/ extracting a watermark is
robust enough to meet these challenges. Robustness can be defined as resilience
for a watermark to remain unaffected even when digital content is passed
through various processes and attacks and hence increase security, capacity,
and imperceptibility of watermarked data. The paper begins with a brief
introduction to cryptography and Steganography, which is the platform for a
number of digital watermarking concepts. Then, requirements for watermarking
systems are discussed along with methods to watermark data efficiently and
their strengths and weaknesses. In conclusion there is a new method proposed
which uses a concept of nested watermarks using Discrete Wavelet Transform for
binary images and Cryptography using Spread Spectrum technique and is supposed
to be robust enough to cater to challenges presented here.
19.
Computation of Mutual Coupling for Gap-Coupled Circular Patch Antennas Loaded
With Shorting Post
PRADEEP KUMAR[1], G. SINGH[2],
[1,2] Department of Electronics and
erpradeep_tiet@yahoo.co.in
Astract
In this paper, the numerical computation
of mutual coupling between gap-coupled circular microstrip antennas loaded with shorting post has been presented. The cavity model and reaction
theorem is used. The mutual admittance between two circular patches is computed
and computed results are compared with simulated results. The simulation is
performed with Method-of-moments based software (IE3D). The accuracy of
prediction is reasonable good.
20. VLSI Implementation
& Design of Complex Multiplier for FFT Using ASIC-VLSI
AMRITA RAI [1], MANJEET SINGH [2] DR. S.V.A.V. PRASAD [3]
[1] Sr. lecture, ECE Department, Lingya’s Inst. of Magt. & Tech.,
[3] Head, ECE Department, Lingya’s Inst. of Magt. & Tech., Haryana, INDIAamritaskrai@yahoo.com[1],
msghangas@gmail.com[2], svavprasad@limat.org[3]
Abstract
A 16-bit Radix 4 FFT requires a complex multiplier, adder
and subtractor that can handle signed two’s
compliment. The implementation of a complex multiplier uses both the adders and subtractors needed for the FFT. The design of a FFT
can be derived from the complex multiplier design. The goal of the device is to
have it operate at 100MHz. The complex multiplier must work at 100MHz.Because
the design is limited to 40 pins an 8-bit signed two’s compliment complex
multiplier is implemented. This implementation also contains an 8-bit complex
adder and subtractor. If the operation of the entire
system is valid, the operation of the adder and subtractor is also valid. If more pins where available a 4 point FFT could be implemented.
This could be done with the components of the complex multiplier.
The schematic is designed first at a logic gate level using design architect
(DA). The schematic is simulated to ensure proper functionality. The schematic
is used to generate a transistor level layout using schematic driven layout
(SDL). The design is checked using a design rule check (DRC) and layout versus
schematic (LVS) check. These ensure that the layout rules are followed and that
the layout matches the schematic.
21. Analysis of two Routing Protocols of MANET: AODV and DSR
MAHESH KUMAR YADAV [1], DR. C. RAM SINGLA [2], DEEPAK
DEMBLA [3]
[1] ECE Department, BRCM CET, Bahal, M.D. University,
Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA
[2] Director, SRCEM, Palwal, M.D. University, Rohtak,
Haryana, INDIA
[3] CSE Department, CITM, Faridabad, M.D. University,
Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA
mkyadav.mahesh@gmail.com[1],crsnibra1010@gmail.com[2]dembla.deepak@gmail.com[3]
Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET) is
becoming increasingly important in today’s world in which routing protocols are
used to discover routes between nodes to facilitate communication. Though many
routing protocols have been developed to provide the kind of dynamic behaviour needed for ad hoc networks, each of the protocols
exhibit their least desirable beahviour and have some
unique characteristics when presented with a highly dynamic interconnection
topology. In case, the unique characteristics of them can be combined in one
protocol, the MANET can become promising network type in future mobile
applications. In this paper, we have done analysis of two of the routing
protocols, namely AODV and DSR based on parameters like effects of changing
node mobility, bit rates, and pause time on average end to end delay,
throughput and control packet overhead.
22. A Genetic
Implementation of Stuck-at-fault & Delay fault Identification in Digital Circuits
DHIRAJ SANGWAN [1],RAJESH KUMAR
[2] MUKESH KUMAR [3]
[1] Electronics & Communication Engg. Deptt, FET, MITS, Lakshmangarh,
INDIA
[2] Electrical Engg.Deptt, MNIT,Jaipur,INDIA
[3] Member IEEE, Electronics Science Deptt,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, INDIA
dhirajsangwan@gmail.com
[1], rkumar@mnit.ac.in [2], kumarmukesh@gmail.com
[3]
Abstract
In this paper the authors present a
genetic algorithm (GA) based approach to find the minimal set of Test vectors
to find all the possible stuck at faults and delay faults in a digital circuit.
A genetic algorithm has been used which search for minimum number of vector set
with high detection capability from a large solution space. The possible number
of interconnections and hence the number of faults is having an approximately
exponential relationship with the number of primary inputs and circuit nodes.
All the faults which have been originated because of process defects or circuit
delays which may either lead to permanent connection of circuit nodes to power
supply rails or can cause the output to be slowly rising or falling. Such
faults must be identified before the chip is fully packaged to prevent the
malfunctioning of a system.
23. HCEE: Hierarchical
clustered energy efficient protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
DILIP KUMAR [1], R.B PATEL[2]
[1] Design Engineer, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
(C-DAC), Mohali,
[2] Prof. & Head, CSE Deptt.,
Email: dilipkant@rediffmail.com, patel_r_b@yahoo.com
Abstract
A wireless sensor network with a large number of tiny sensor
nodes can be used as an effective tool for gathering data in various
situations. One of the major issues in is wireless sensor network developing
energy–efficient routing protocol which has a significant impact on the overall
lifetime of the sensor network. In this paper, we study the impact of
heterogeneity of nodes in terms of their energy in wireless sensor networks
that are hierarchically clustered. We have assumed that some fraction of the
sensor nodes is equipped with the additional energy resources. We also assumed
that the sensor nodes are uniformly distributed and are static, the coordinates
of the sink and the dimensions of the sensor field are known .Adapting this
approach, we have proposed a hierarchical clustered energy efficient (HCEE) protocol
for prolonging network lifetime and stability which is crucial for many
applications. So, this protocol enhances the system lifetime and stability over
the LEACH protocol.
24. Reduction of Peak
to Average Power Ratio in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Using
Pulse Shaping Techniques
V. VIJAYARANGAN1, DR. (MRS) R. SUKANESH2
1 National Engineering College, Kovilpatti – 628 503,
vijayvrangan@yahoo.com
2 Thiyagarajar College of Engineering,
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing has several properties which makes
it as an attractive alternative modulation technique for high speed data
transmission. However one major disadvantage of OFDM is that the time domain
OFDM signal which is a sum of several sinusoids leads to high Peak to Average
Power Ratio (PAPR). Linear behavior of the system over a large dynamic range is
required so that the output High Power Amplifier (HPA) is operated at its
maximum efficiency. But due to large PAPR the linear behavior of the system and
hence maximum efficiency of HPA is unachievable. One method of reducing PAPR is
with the help of pulse shaping waveforms. The Raised Cosine (RC) and Root
Raised Cosine (RRC) pulse waveforms are proposed to reduce the PAPR. Simulation
results shows that RC and RRC pulses have the potential of reducing PAPR
without affecting the bandwidth efficiency and they does not require any side
information.